I. Introduction On 6 March 2025, the President of the United States signed Executive Order 14233, “Establishment of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile,” published five days later in the Federal Register. See Exec. Order No. 14233, 90 Fed. Reg. 11789 (Mar. 11, 2025). The Order
Person-to-person economies, intermediary power, federal authority, and the constitutional limits of turning commerce into permission Keywords: Commerce Clause; Foreign Commerce Clause; Dormant Commerce Clause; person-to-person economy; peer-to-peer exchange; financial intermediation; banks; payment systems; federalism; digital cash; Bitcoin; transaction costs; channels of commerce; instrumentalities of
Separation of powers, federalism, national accountability, and the constitutional rejection of rule by insulated managers Keywords: United States Constitution; constitutional law; separation of powers; federalism; administrative state; nondelegation; major questions doctrine; Appointments Clause; removal power; anti-commandeering; treaty power; Article III; Seventh Amendment; jury trial; republican government; democratic accountability; sovereignty;
On revocable encryption, the Fourth and Fifth Amendments, and the difference between law that protects you and architecture that does Keywords: Fourth Amendment, Fifth Amendment, First Amendment, code as speech, key disclosure, takings clause, due process, NFT, revocable encryption, digital ownership, Riley v. California, Carpenter v. United States, US v.
Keywords: constitutional law, Spending Clause, unconstitutional conditions doctrine, non-delegation, major questions doctrine, due process, federalism, universal basic income, universal high income, administrative state, Tenth Amendment, First Amendment Spending Power, Unconstitutional Conditions, and the Architecture of Dependency Under the United States Constitution Thesis: A federal programme of Universal High Income,
A Doctrinal Analysis of Consensus Mechanisms Under U.S. Securities, Tax, and Administrative Law. There are moments in legal development when a category error, left unchallenged, metastasizes into doctrine. It begins innocently enough—with regulators faced by novelty, commentators seduced by simplification, and policymakers eager for a framework that can
Quantum Computing, the Encryption Mirage, and the Constitutional Stakes of a Trillion-Dollar Fraud I. Introduction: The Spectre That Isn’t A spectre is haunting cybersecurity—the spectre of the quantum computer. Or so we are told. Governments have poured approximately fifty billion dollars into quantum computing research globally.1
Billions of dollars have been raised, federal statutes enacted, and constitutional privacy arguments restructured on the premise that quantum computers will soon shatter modern encryption. The physics disagrees. The law should catch up. I. The Architecture of the Claim There is a particular species of technological fraud that is especially
Abstract. The second Trump administration has tested the constitutional allocation of war powers with an aggressiveness that, while continuous with a long trajectory of executive expansion, represents a cumulative escalation in both the number of concurrent unilateral military operations and the breadth of the legal theories advanced to justify them.
How executive orders, impoundment, and institutional demolition are rewriting the separation of powers without amending the Constitution By Dr Craig Wright Constitutional crises do not always announce themselves. They sometimes arrive as administrative memoranda, OMB directives, and executive orders that individually appear to push familiar boundaries but collectively redraw the
